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Abogado de inmigración ¿Qué Es El Ajuste de Estatus? Sus Diferentes Pasos O Etapas

El texto explora el proceso de ajuste de estatus tramitado por abogados expertos en inmigración, para obtener la residencia permanente en Estados Unidos. Se detallan los requisitos de elegibilidad, tanto para solicitantes principales como derivados, y se discuten las prohibiciones y exenciones relacionadas con el ajuste de estatus. Además, se explican los motivos de inadmisibilidad y se mencionan los waivers o perdones disponibles. Es importante contar con un abogado de inmigración experto para guiar el proceso. 

Tabla de Contenido

  1. Ajuste de estatus y elegibilidad 
  2. Solicitante principal y derivado 
  3. Prohibiciones y exenciones 
  4. Requisitos para la exención 245(i) 
  5. Motivos de inadmisibilidad y factores 
  6. Waivers o perdones 

Ajuste de estatus y elegibilidad

El ajuste de estatus, es la manera que se tiene de lograr la residencia permanente norteamericana, mediante los elementos de elegibilidad que recaen sobre los aplicantes, ahora bien, es necesario indicar que uno de los elementos fundamentales para poder acceder a ello es que, el peticionario se encuentre dentro del territorio nacional estadounidense (elemento obligatorio), aunado a ello debe también estar beneficiado mediante una petición familiar o de empleo, entre otras categorías de inmigrante que le permiten ser elegible para dicha petición. 

por lo cual se hace necesario que la persona que está realizando o que pretende realizar dicha petición, tenga absoluta claridad sobre cuál es la calidad del peticionante, lo cual indica elementos como la categoría en que se basara su solicitud de ajuste de estatus, o si su petición se realiza como peticionante principal o derivativo, por lo que a continuación estaremos dilucidando, las diferentes especificidades que refiere USCIS, para otorgar o rechazar la petición de ajuste de estatus. 

El ajuste de estatus

Es el proceso indicado para las personas que se encuentran al interior del territorio nacional estadounidense, pero que evidentemente ya tienen en firme una categoría relacionada a una solicitud de permanencia legal anterior. 

¿Quiénes son elegibles para un reajuste de estatus?

  • Es de indicar que los requisitos para la elegibilidad del reajuste de estatus pueden variar debido a la categoría de inmigrante que se ostenta y bajo la cual se sustenta su petición  
  • Otro de los requisitos que bebe cumplir el peticionario es, encontrarse físicamente al interior del territorio nacional estadounidense  
  • Aunado a ello un elegible puede ser un peticionante principal o también puede ser peticionante derivativo, como es el caso de los familiares del solicitante principal, para lo cual lo indicado por la ley, en ambos casos es presentar la petición mediante el formulario I-485 (ajuste de estatus) 

¿Quién es el solicitante principal?

  • El solicitante principal generalmente es el peticionario designado como beneficiario de una petición de inmigrante directamente, o quienes estén calificados en razón del proceso migratorio que esté cursando, y de este modo se acredite como calificable en este requisito en específico, bajo la ley federal  
  • El solicitante principal debe indicar la categoría de inmigrante bajo la cual está solicitando o presentando su ajuste de estatus  
  • Cabe resaltar que cada categoría refiere requisitos determinados para la presentación o solicitud del reajuste de estatus 

¿Quién es el solicitante derivado?

  • Generalmente el solicitante derivado es el cónyuge y/o los hijos del solicitante principal, que no son beneficiarios de su propia solicitud o petición de inmigrante, lo cual los puede hacer elegibles para solicitar el ajuste de estatus bajo la misma categoría de inmigrante que el solicitante principal  
  • Por lo cual los familiares directos del peticionante principal se denominan solicitantes derivados 
  • Ahora bien, un solicitante derivado debe designar bajo qué categoría de inmigrante está presentando la solicitud de ajuste de estatus  

¿Quiénes no son elegibles para un reajuste de estatus?

Las prohibiciones que se le aplican a los peticionarios de un reajuste de estatus están determinadas expresamente en la ley, por lo cual a quien se le pueda enmarcar dentro de las secciones 245 (a), (c) y (d) de INA no podrá ser elegible para dichos fines, puesto que, dentro de sus antecedentes, comportamiento, actuar o accionar existen referentes legales que le impiden lograr la residencia permanente norteamericana. 

Ahora bien, es necesario aclarar que, las prohibiciones al ajuste de estatus no son aplicables a todos los tipos de categorías de inmigrantes, dado que la misma categoría podría eximirlo de algunas prohibiciones contenidas en la ley como ya se indicó en lo arriba detallado. 

Dicho lo anterior, estaremos enlistando algunas prohibiciones de ajuste las cuales no son aplicables a: 

  • Familiares inmediatos de ciudadanos estadounidenses 
  • Solicitantes argumentados en la ley de violencia contra la mujer (VAWA) 
  • Algunos inmigrantes en condición de especialidad frente a la ley  
  • Ciertos solicitantes asentados en su empleo pueden ser elegibles para una exención de algunas prohibiciones de ajuste  

Es necesario indicar que, cada caso refiere sus particularidades, por lo cual se hace necesario examinar al detalle cada aspecto propio de cada solicitante, dado que se entiende que se puede estar de cara a una petición ante USCIS, pero cada persona indica un aspecto particular en todo lo referente a su proceso, por lo que se hace necesario acompañarse de un abogado versado en los procesos de inmigración que cuente con la experticia requerida y suficiente, a fin de llevar el cauce de lo peticionado por la puerta procesal migratorio oportuna. 

Exenciones 245 (i)

La sección 245 (i) es una exención que puede aplicarse a algunos peticionarios del ajuste de estatus, dado que es posible ajustarlo aun si se encuentra sujeto a una o más prohibiciones de ajuste, donde se entiende que no se es elegible por lo estipulado en la sección 245 (a), para lo cual tendrá que solicitar la aplicación de la sección 245 (i) de INA, y es que bajo esta figura jurídica o artículo de la ley federal de inmigración, puede ser posible el reajuste de estatus, por lo que a continuación, estaremos enlistando los requisitos para la aplicación de la sección 245 (i). 

Requisitos para la aplicabilidad de la exencione 245 (i)

  • Es beneficiario de una petición de inmigración calificado (formulario I – 130 o I-140) de familia o de empleo o una solicitud de certificación laboral (formulario ETA -750) presentado el 20 de abril de 2001 o antes 
  • Estuvo físicamente presente en el territorio nacional estadounidense el 21 de diciembre de 2000, si usted es el beneficiario principal y la petición se presentó entre el 15 de enero de 1998 y el 30 de abril de 2001 

Cabe indicar que todo lo anterior, estará sujeto a la preponderancia de la evidencia, ello es que, bajo toda circunstancia pueda probarse que la eximente a la causal que dio lugar a la inadmisibilidad es absolutamente demostrable.  

¿Cuáles son los motivos de inadmisibilidad?

  • Las leyes federales de inmigración especifican actos, condiciones y conductas que efectivamente pueden hacer que los ciudadanos extranjeros no sean elegibles para alcanzar el reajuste de estatus de residencia permanente legal  
  • Dichos actos, condiciones y conductas se describen en la sección 212 (a) de INA y se denominan motivos de inhabilidad  

Es de indicar que, la ley federal de inmigración estipula múltiples beneficios y privilegios, pero a su vez también pueden resultar seberas, para quienes comenten faltas e infracciones, condiciones o conductas, que pueden llevar a los peticionarios a no ser elegibles para alcanzar el reajuste de estatus y aunado a ello lo convierten en inadmisible. 

Factores de inadmisibilidad

  • Usted es inadmisible en los Estados Unidos y por ende no podrá ajustar su estatus al de un residente permanente legal si se encuentra bajo una o más de las causales de inadmisibilidad que se aplican a su categoría de inmigrante 
  • Dependiendo de su categoría de inmigrante es posible que algunos motivos no se apliquen a usted  

Waivers o Perdones

  • Si es inadmisible, puede ser elegible para una exención del motivo de inadmisibilidad u otra forma de representación 
  • Si se concede su solicitud de excepción u otra forma de alivio, es posible que se apruebe su solicitud de ajuste de estatus 

¿Necesitas ayuda con tu proceso de ajuste de estatus? ¡Contáctanos hoy mismo para obtener asesoramiento legal de expertos en inmigración!

Glosario

  • Ajuste de estatus: Proceso para obtener la residencia permanente en Estados Unidos estando ya en el país. 
  • Solicitante principal: Persona que presenta una petición de ajuste de estatus por sí misma o en nombre de otros. 
  • Solicitante derivado: Persona relacionada con el solicitante principal que también busca ajustar su estatus. 
  • Prohibiciones: Restricciones legales que impiden el ajuste de estatus para ciertos individuos. 
  • Exenciones: Permisos especiales que pueden permitir el ajuste de estatus a pesar de prohibiciones. 
  • Motivos de inadmisibilidad: Condiciones o conductas que pueden impedir la aprobación del ajuste de estatus. 
  • Waivers o perdones: Excepciones o perdones que pueden ser concedidos para superar motivos de inadmisibilidad. 

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Privacy Policy Quiroz Law Firm

QLF  FINANCIAL CORP

PRIVACY POLICY

EFFECTIVE AS OF NOVERMBER 1, 2019

 

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