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Naturalización

¿Qué Es La Solicitud de Naturalización o El Formulario N-400?

La naturalización es el proceso por el cual un residente busca la ciudadanía estadounidense, completando el Formulario N-400. Los requisitos incluyen años de residencia y condiciones especiales para casos militares. La documentación requerida abarca desde la tarjeta verde hasta pruebas de estado civil y antecedentes fiscales. Se destaca la importancia de la asesoría legal. La presentación del formulario puede hacerse en línea o por correo, seguida de un proceso que incluye acuse de recibo, toma de huellas y entrevista. La culminación es la ceremonia de juramento, donde se obtiene la ciudadanía. 

Contenido

  1. Introducción a la Naturalización 
  2. Requisitos para la Naturalización 
  3. Documentación Requerida 
  4. Antecedentes Criminales y Rechazo de Solicitud 
  5. Presentación del Formulario N-400 
  6. Proceso Posterior a la Presentación 
  7. Ceremonia de Juramento 

Introducción a la Naturalización

 La naturalización es el trámite mediante el cual un residente puede solicitar al gobierno estadounidense, su permanencia definitiva en dicho territorio, lo cual hará mediante el lleno del Formulario N-400 donde si es calificable para dichos fines, comenzará el proceso que una vez cursado y completado satisfactoriamente le permitirá alcanzar el estatus de ciudadano norteamericano. 

Cabe indicar que el Formulario N-400 es conocido oficialmente como la solicitud de Naturalización, donde una vez tramitado ante los Servicios de Inmigración y Ciudadanía de Estados Unidos (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglés), el solicitante podría obtener la ciudadanía estadounidense, ahora bien, quien haga dicha solicitud debe poder sustentar las calidades que lo acreditan para poder ingresar el Formulario N-400 

Requisitos para la Naturalización

Dentro de dichas calidades se debe poder demostrar que, el solicitante ha sido residente permanente por al menos cinco años lo que debe soportar con su tarjeta verde, o tres años, para quienes pueden demostrar que están casados y aun conviven con su cónyuge ciudadano estadounidense, aunado a ello deberá también el peticionario ser mayor de 18 años. Es de resaltar que, si dicha solicitud de ciudadanía se está realizando sobre los lineamientos del servicio militar, los requisitos serán diferentes.  

Así las cosas y si efectivamente se cumple con la regla general de los cinco años de residente permanente y como tal es el titular de una tarjeta verde o lleva más de tres años casado con un ciudadano estadounidense, está legalmente en condiciones de presentar el Formulario N-400 el cual deberá acompañar de alguna documentación de soporte. 

Y es que, quien desee postularse a la naturalización estadounidense debe apoyar su solicitud, de documentación certificada, veraz y contundente que lo acredite como calificable para la obtención de la ciudadanía estadounidense, por lo cual lo primero que debe hacer en cuanto a su trámite de solicitud de naturalización es presentar una copia del anverso y reverso de su tarjeta verde (también llamado formulario I-551 o la tarjeta de residente permanente). 

Aunado a ello y según corresponda en razón de la especificidad de cada caso y circunstancias actuales del solicitante, se deberá adjuntar con el lleno del Formulario N-400 prueba del estado civil, incluyendo el acta de matrimonio, divorcio o defunción, según lo pertinente al caso específico del peticionario, documentos fiscales, (cabe indicar que es necesario no deber impuestos y poder demostrar un buen récord en dicha área, no deber cuotas alimentarias o manutención de niños, en el caso de los hombres que han permanecido en el territorio estadounidense desde una edad temprana, hasta los 26 años deberán demostrar que se enlistaron en el servicio selectivo de los Estados Unidos, de no ser así, se puede aplicar a las excepciones lo cual quedará sujeto a la particularidad de cada caso en específico). 

Continuando entonces con la documentación, puede indicarse que, se debe adjuntar a dicha solicitud las traducciones certificadas al inglés de cualquier documento requerido por el USCIS que esté en un idioma extranjero, formulario N-648 el cual hace referencia a certificación médica para exenciones por discapacidad si fuere el caso y el soporte de pago del formulario y su presentación entre otros. 

Ahora bien, es necesario indicar que la lista de los documentos de apoyo y soporté para la solicitud de ciudadanía es claramente más extensa, lo cual debe ajustarse a cada caso en específico, por lo cual el acompañamiento de un abogado experto en temas de inmigración, le será de gran utilidad a fin de no incurrir en errores o dilaciones en el proceso, dado que, evidentemente le generará sobrecostos y mucho más tiempo del que se tenía presupuestado inicialmente. 

Es de resaltar que, si se tienen antecedentes criminales se deben anexar los documentos pertinentes de la corte o inspección de policía, donde se procesaron dichos delitos a fin de demostrar la gravedad de la falta penal y si efectivamente le permite calificar o no, para la petición de ciudadanía. 

Cabe aclarar que todos los documentos aquí antes detallados deben presentarse con la petición del Formulario N-400, puesto que es el momento procesal oportuno para hacerlo y de esta manera no ser rechazado por falta de pruebas o presentación de documentación en debida forma, o lo que es peor aún recibir una negación de la solicitud. 

 

¿Cómo se presenta el formulario N-400?

El Formulario N-400 se puede presentar bien sea en línea a través del sitio web del Servicio de Inmigración y Ciudadanía de Estados Unidos (USCIS) o por correo postal a un centro de servicio o buzón de seguridad del USCIS, ahora bien, si la solicitud de ciudadanía se presenta desde el extranjero o se solicita una exención de tarifas, el trámite se debe hacer por correo postal. 

Para realizar el trámite en físico, ello es por correo postal se debe descargar e imprimir el formulario directamente del sitio web del USCIS y llenarlo con tinta negra, teniendo en cuenta que, la dirección a la que se enviará la documentación dependerá del estado en el que se resida, donde lo ideal es buscar la dirección postal correcta en el sitio web del USCIS, ahora bien, para quienes presentan el Formulario N-400 en línea, inicialmente se debe crear una cuenta en línea del USCIS en el sitio web del USCIS, lo que permitirá realizar el pago en línea a su vez subir todo el acervo probatorio que sustenta dicha solicitud. 

¿Qué sucede una vez se ingresa el Formulario N-400?

  • Posterior a la presentación de la solicitud correspondiente al Formulario N-400 USCIS acusa recibo y posterior a ello dictan fecha y hora para realizar la toma de huellas dactilares  
  • Seguido a ello, el peticionario será citado para la entrevista de naturalización directamente en la oficina local del USCIS 
  • En dicha entrevista, se deben responder preguntas sobre la solicitud y rendir exámenes de inglés e historia de los Estados Unidos 
  • Una vez aprobados los exámenes, el último paso en el proceso será hacer el juramento de fidelidad en la ceremonia de juramento y así se obtendrá la ciudadanía norteamericana  

Glosario

  • Naturalización: Proceso para obtener la ciudadanía. 
  • Formulario N-400: Solicitud de Naturalización. 
  • USCIS: Servicios de Inmigración y Ciudadanía de Estados Unidos. 
  • Residente Permanente: Persona con tarjeta verde. 
  • Acuse de Recibo: Confirmación oficial de recepción. 
  • Juramento de Fidelidad: Compromiso final en la ceremonia de naturalización. 

 

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Privacy Policy Quiroz Law Firm

QLF  FINANCIAL CORP

PRIVACY POLICY

EFFECTIVE AS OF NOVERMBER 1, 2019

 

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